Number of employees at the end of the period

The number of employees in the Group at the end of the reporting period, taking into account the degree of employment.
This measure is used to know how many employees the Group has at the end of the year.

Return on equity

Profit/loss after tax attributable to shareholders, as a percentage of shareholders' proportion of average equity.
Return on equity measures from an ownership perspective the return that is given on the owners' invested capital.

Return on working capital (P/WC)

EBITA in relation to average working capital.
P/WC is used to analyse profitability and encourage high EBITA earnings and low working capital requirements.

EBITA

Operating profit before amortization and write-down of intangible assets.
EBITA is used to analyse profitability generated by operational activities.

EBITA margin

EBITA as a percentage of net sales.
The EBITA margin is used to analyze value creation from the operating activities.

EBITDA

Operating profit before depreciation, amortization and write-down.
EBITDA is used to analyse profitability generated by operational activities.

Equity per share

Shareholders' proportion of equity divided by the number of shares outstanding at the end of the reporting period.

Financial net

Financial income minus financial expenses.
Used to describe the development of the Group's financial activities.

Acquired growth

Changes in net sales attributable to business acquisitions compared to the same period the previous year.
Acquired growth is used as a component to describe the development of the Group's net sales, where acquired growth is distinguished from organic growth, divestments, and currency effects.

Adjusted EBITA

EBITA excluding one-off costs.
Increases the comparability of EBITA over time as it is adjusted for the impact of items considered to be non-recurring in nature and therefore do not reflect the underlying operations.

Adjusted EBITA margin

Adjusted EBITA in relation to net sales.
Used to measure the company's profitability excluding the impact of items considered to be non-recurring in nature and therefore do not reflect the underlying operations.

One-off costs

Primarily refers to restructuring costs and revaluation of contingent considerations. Other non-recurring items may also be reported as one-off costs if this provides a more accurate view of the underlying operating result. 

Cash flow from operating activities per share

Cash flow from operating activities, divided by the average number of shares.
The measure is used to allow investors to easily analyze the amount of surplus from ongoing operations generated per share.

Net investments in fixed assets

Investments in fixed assets minus sales of fixed assets. 
The measure is used to analyze the Group's investments in the renewal and development of tangible fixed assets.

Net debt/equity ratio

Financial net liabilities in relation to shareholders’ equity.
Net debt/equity ratio is used to analyse financial risk.

Organic growth

Changes in net sales excluding currency effects and acquisitions/divestments compared to the same period the previous year.
Organic growth is used to analyze the underlying sales growth driven by changes in volume, product range, and price for similar products between different periods.

Profit after financial items

Profit/loss for the period before tax.
Used to analyse the business’ profitability including financial activities

Earnings per share

Shareholders' share of the period's result divided by the number of shares outstanding at the end of the reporting period.

Earnings per share before dilution

Shareholders' share of the period's result divided by the average number of outstanding shares.

Earnings per share after dilution

Shareholders' share of the period's result divided by a weighted average of the number of outstanding shares, adjusted for the additional number of shares upon the exercise of outstanding options.

Profit growth EBITA

The period's EBITA decreased by previous period's EBITA divided by the previous period's EBITA.
Profit growth EBITA is used to analyse asset-creating generated from operational activities.

Financial net liabilities

Interest-bearing liabilities and interest-bearing provisions, less cash and cash equivalents.
Net debt is used to monitor debt development and analyse financial leverage and any necessary refinancing.

Financial net liabilities/EBlTDA

Financial net liabilities divided by EBITDA.
Financial net liabilities compared with EBITDA provides a key financial indicator for financial net liabilities in relation to cash-generated operating profit; i.e., an indication of the ability of the business to pay its debts. This measure is generally used by financial institutions as a measure of creditworthiness.

Working capital

Sum of inventories and accounts receivable, less accounts payable. In the calculation of P/WC, average working capital is used.
Working capital is used to analyse how much working capital is tied up in the business.

Equity ratio

Equity including minority interest as a percentage of total assets.
The equity ratio is used to analyse financial risk and shows how much of the assets are financed with equity.